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Laser-driven beamlines: a novel approach towards particle acceleration

Livia Lapadatescu — Mon, 13 Apr 2015 13:44:14 +0000

Laser-driven beamlines: a novel approach towards particle acceleration
by Livia Lapadatescu (CERN)

ELI-Beamlines Facility in the Czech Republic
Image credit: ELI

The CRISP project (Cluster of Research Infrastructures for Synergies in Physics), brought together a group of eleven Research Infrastructures with the goal of creating synergies and developing common solutions in four R&D fields: Accelerators, Instruments & Experiments, Detectors & Data Acquisition and IT & Data Management.

In the Accelerators field, one of the activities focused on studying novel compact particle sources including the design of radio-frequency X-band electron sources and of laser-induced secondary particle sources.

Conventional accelerators rely on the use of radio-frequency longitudinal electric fields, which limit the energy gain per unit length, therefore increasing the size of accelerator infrastructures in order to reach higher beam energies.

Laser-plasma accelerators have proven the possibility of producing beams of 1 GeV over 3 cm of acceleration length with unique properties such as ultra-short pulse duration and high peak currents. The uniqueness of laser-driven beamlines will represent an advantage for future accelerator infrastructures, allowing them to reduce their size and cost.

The CRISP Lasers activity has analysed two kinds of laser-driven beamlines at high energy and at low energy, as well as diagnostic issue for the implementation stage, showing that:

Capturing and transporting laser generated electrons with high energy (~8 GeV) has proven to be a challenge since they require strong magnetic fields to handle the beam;
By reducing the energy down to 0.5 GeV, an optimized beam line can be produced with a normalized transverse emittance under control.

Moreover for the diagnostics of laser accelerated electron beams, experiments were conducted at the SPARC-LAB facility and constitute a basis for the implementation stage of laser-driven beamlines.

The study conducted by CRISP on laser-driven beamlines will have an impact on the implementation of the ELI-beamlines project (Extreme Light Infrastructure), by proposing solutions for the next generation of particle accelerators.

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issue 13

Introducing CRISP Accelerator Topic for Synergies in Physics

Sabrina El Yacoubi — Fri, 28 Nov 2014 08:02:22 +0000

Introducing CRISP Accelerator Topic for Synergies in Physics
by Hans Weise (DESY) with Agnes Szeberenyi (CERN)

Group photo taken at the 2nd CRISP Annual meeting, 18-20 March 2013, PSI, Switzerland. Image credit: CRISP

The EU funded CRISP project (The Cluster of Research Infrastructures for Synergies in Physics) started on 1st October 2011 and runs for 3 years. CRISP is a cooperative project, creating synergies and developing common solutions via knowledge and technology transfer from academia and industry for research infrastructures (RIs), initially bringing together 11 RIs in the field of Physics, Astronomy, and Analytical Facilities from the ESFRI roadmap across Europe. The work is organized around 4 main topics; accelerators, detectors, instruments and experiments, information technology and data management.

In the Accelerator Topic, the CRISP developments support the delivery of beams with superior intensity, the operation of accelerators with high reliability, particle beam characteristics which will allow opening new perspectives and opportunities for the next generation of nuclear and high energy physics projects and of experiments in photon, neutron and ion beam science.

A total of five work packages were defined within the topic to the benefit of several accelerator projects funded by CRISP. Improved ion sources will allow for better operation of Spiral 2 at GANIL. Bunch Shape Monitors are under development at GANIL as well as at GSI for FAIR. Superconducting accelerator technology will be further improved at DESY for the European XFEL, at CERN in collaboration with ESS for future projects including the European Spallation Source, and at GSI in order to address the challenges of fast cycled superconducting magnets for FAIR. Novel compact particle sources, electrons as well as protons, are also discussed and Radio Frequency Solid State Amplifiers using Cavity Combiners are under development at ESRF.

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Improved ion sources and beam diagnostics for FAIR and SPIRAL2

Sabrina El Yacoubi — Thu, 27 Nov 2014 10:46:48 +0000

Improved ion sources and beam diagnostics for FAIR and SPIRAL2
by Peter Forck (GSI) and Christophe Peaucelle (IN2P3) with Agnes Szeberenyi (CERN)

Fig 1, left: An image of the bunch shape as recorded at the GSI LINAC with a beam of U28+ ions at 11.4 MeV/u. The plot shows the 70 mm MCP original image created by residual gas electrons on top and the projection to the horizontal axis results in the bunch shape below. Image credit: GSI.
Fig 2, right: Low-energy beam transport line of SPIRAL-2 with PHOENIX V2 ion source during commissioning. Image credit: LPSC/IN2P3

Under the CRISP project framework, WP3 aims at developing improved ion sources and beam diagnostics for SPIRAL2 atGANIL and FAIR Proton LINAC at GSI. Modern high power proton and ion LINACs aim for an effective acceleration and low RF-power consumption. This is realized by a high electric field gradient and non-standard beam dynamics settings.

SPIRAL2 is based on the detection of X-rays as emitted from a thin tungsten wire inserted in the beam path. These X-rays are detected by a fast Multi-Channel Plate mounted outside of the beam path. Conclusive tests at Institute de Physique Nucleaire in Orsay and GANIL lead to the realization of a compact device. The FAIR Proton LINACӳ monitor is based on the detection of secondary electrons as liberated from the residual gas molecules by beam impact. By the electric field within an RF-deflector the electrons are bent to transform the time information to a difference in space.

FAIR and SPIRAL2 facilities need both a high performance electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) to create the high intensity beams. PHOENIX V2, a 18 GHz room temperature ECRIS developed by LPSC Grenoble will be the starting heavy ion source on SPIRAL 2. An evolution to PHOENIX V3 is being studied in order to increase the beam intensity by a factor of 2. The first beam with PHOENIX V3 is scheduled for November 2013.

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Synergies for testing Superconducting RF cavities

Margarita Synanidi — Mon, 24 Nov 2014 14:20:01 +0000

Synergies for testing Superconducting RF cavities
by Detlef Reschke (DESY)

Fig 1, left: XFEL series cavity during incoming inspection at DESY. Image credit: DESY
Fig2, right: Vertical test inserts equipped with XFEL superconducting accelerator series cavities. Image credit: DESY.

Within the 36 month period of the CRISP project the main objective of WP4 is to upgrade and harmonize the SRF Accelerator Structures for ESS, ILC, LHC upgrade and the European XFEL. The activity supports an optimised surface treatment, the application of advanced test and preparation infrastructure as well as state-of-the-art diagnostics tools.

At CERN the SRF cavity test infrastructure is under upgrade to allow 2 Kelvin operation needed for the characterisation of a first cryomodule for the ESS and the CERN-SPL. The upgrade includes a new cryogenic transfer line between the cryoplant and RF test stand area with two horizontal cryomodule test places and four vertical RF test cryostats. Two of the vertical cryostats have been modified for 2K operation, which is necessary for the testing of the SPL cavities.

The industrial production of the series accelerator cavities for the European XFEL started successfully beginning of 2013. Until end October 2013, 164 series accelerator and ILC-HiGrade cavities for the European XFEL have been delivered to DESY. For many of the cavities that didn’t pass the tests an additional treatment applying a chemical surface removal (“Buffered Chemical Polishing BCP”) is under consideration. The development of advanced diagnostics like high resolution optical inspection and the experience of industrial cavity production and surface treatment will be extremely beneficial for any other European large scale SRF project such as ESS as well as for the preparation of the ILC.

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Development of a Fast Ramped Superconducting Dipole Magnet

Margarita Synanidi — Thu, 20 Nov 2014 11:18:18 +0000

Development of a Fast Ramped Superconducting Dipole Magnet
by Hans Müller (GSI) and Pasquale Fabbricatore (INFN)

One curved dipole coil of the CRISP project after curing and impregnation of the coil ends.
Image credit: Pasquale Fabbricatore (INFN)

Fast ramped magnets are an essential component of heavy-ion synchrotrons. Future developments ask for higher rigidity of the beams leading to stronger magnetic fields of the magnets and therefore to superconductivity. A superconducting fast ramped dipole magnet is now being developed in frame of the CRISP project.

The magnet is based on the DISCORAP dipole built and tested by INFN as a prototype for the planned SIS300 synchrotron of FAIR in Darmstadt, Germany. The magnet has a main field of 4.5 T and the ramp rate is 1 T/s, which is orders of magnitude higher than any used currently. Its length is about 5 m and the inner diameter of the coil is 100 mm. The magnet is of so-called cos(theta) design, where the shape of the coil determines the field. This requires a high precision in the manufacturing of such a coil and the surrounding collar, which takes the magnetic forces. To increase the acceptance the magnet is wound curved making manufacturing difficult. Another challenge to be addressed is to minimize the AC-losses of the conductor due to ramping. For this, dedicated new superconductors with small NbTi filaments of only about 3 µm diameter had been developed. Another issue to be considered is fatigue, which requires high strength austenitic steel for the coil support. The collared coil being built now is a first step towards a complete magnet and establishes technologies to be used for further developments in the field of fast ramped superconducting magnets.

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